Research papers

The Biology and Ecology of Busseola fusea and Sesamia Species in South-Western Nigeria. I. Distribution and Population Studies

E. J. Usua

The distribution of maize stem borers, Busseola fusca Fuller, Sesamia calamistis Hampson, and S. penniseti Bowden, throughout south-western Nigeria was studied between November and December 1964. The maize-sample survey revealed that B. fusca was more abundant than S. calamistis. While B. fusca was prevalent in the southerly, more humid lowland rainforest zones, S. calamistis was generally distributed and was more prevalent in the dry savanna zones of the region. S. penniseti was not abundant and was very sparsely distributed. There was a marked difference in the position of egg masses on the maize plants. All egg masses of B. fusca were laid within 30 inches of the maize whorl, while S. calamistis egg masses were spread over greater distances from the whorl. This distribution appears to be associated with the larval habits of both B. fusea and S. calamistis. Larval populations studies revealed that in lbadan (and probably south-western Nigeria) there are 4 generations of B. fusca in maize per annum. There are 2 generations between April and July, 1 in September-October, and another in November. It is the larvae of the November generation which go into the dry-season diapause and which later give rise to the 1st-generation adults the following year. S. calamistis,, although not so numerous as B. fusca, was observed to breed throughout the year.

High Energy<i>N</i><i>N</i>Scattering with Large Momentum Transfer and Chiral<i>S</i><i>U</i>(2)×<i>S</i><i>U</i>(2) Symmetry

Yasuo Hara

Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 50 No. 6 (1973) pp. 1908-1915 Resolution of the Rapid Energy Dependence of pp-Polarization Minoru Biyajima Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 52 No. 1 (1974) pp. 249-258 Composite Model and High-Energy Behaviour of the Hadronic Process Kazuo Koike

The Sound Pattern of English

Noam Chomsky, Morris Halle

Since this classic work in phonology was published in 1968, there has been no other book that gives as broad a view of the subject, combining generally applicable theoretical contributions with analysis of the details of a single language. The theoretical issues raised in The Sound Pattern of English continue to be critical to current phonology, and in many instances the solutions proposed by Chomsky and Halle have yet to be improved upon.Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle are Institute Professors of Linguistics and Philosophy at MIT.

A Model of Leptons

Steven Weinberg

Received 17 October 1967DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.19.1264©1967 American Physical Society

<i>S</i><i>U</i>(3) Chiral Dynamics

Toshiyuki Minamikawa, Yoneji Miyamoto

Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 39 No. 2 (1968) pp. 405-410 Chiral Dynamics for Photo-Hadron and Weak Interactions Syurei Iwao Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 39 No. 6 (1968) pp. 1527-1530 Compton Scattering of Isovector Photons with Nucleons and Algebra of Fields Masaaki Kato and Ken Kawarabayashi Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 39 No. 6 (1968) pp. 1605-1606 Symmetry Breaking in the SU(3) Chiral Dynamics Toshiyuki Minamikawa Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 40 No. 1 (1968) pp. 183-185 Low Energy Theorems for the Compton Scattering of the Isovector Photon from Spin 0 Systems in Chiral Dynamics Masataka Hosoda and Kazuhiko Ozaki Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 40 No. 6 (1968) pp. 1398-1401 Symmetry Breaking of Chiral SU(3) ⊗SU(3) and K-N Scattering Lengths Ken Kawarabayashi and Shinsaku Kitakado Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 40 No. 6 (1968) pp. 1402-1413 Nonleptonic Decays of K Mesons in Chiral Dynamics and the Proof of the ΔI=1/2 Rule Toshiyuki Minamikawa Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 42 No. 6 (1969) pp. 1372-1393 Chiral Symmetry with the ρ-Photon Analogy Tadayuki Ohta and Takeshi Ebata Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 45 No. 1 (1971) pp. 166-185 A Model for Weak Interactions Okiyasu Shito

Observations on the biology of three species of Nigerian millipedes

S. Afolabi Toye

Investigations have been carried out, both in the field and in the laboratory, into certain aspects of the biology of three species of millipede ( Spirostreptus assiniensis, Oxydesmus sp., and Habrodesmus falx ) which commonly occur during the rainy season in the Ibadan area of Western Nigeria. The feeding, mating, egg‐laying, and moulting habits of the three species are described. A detailed description is given of the nest‐building habit of the larvae of Oxydesmus sp. The elaborate nests which are built primarily for moulting also protect the larvae during the dry season when moisture conditions become unfavourable. Swarming behaviour, uncommon in millipedes, is shown by the larvae of H. falx . This behaviour which appears to be of survival value to the species is described.

On the Partial Difference Equations of Mathematical Physics

Richard Courant, Kurt Friedrichs, Hans Lewy

Problems involving the classical linear partial differential equations of mathematical physics can be reduced to algebraic ones of a very much simpler structure by replacing the differentials by difference quotients on some (say rectilinear) mesh. This paper will undertake an elementary discussion of these algebraic problems, in particular of the behavior of the solution as the mesh width tends to zero. For present purposes we limit ourselves mainly to simple but typical cases, and treat them in such a way that the applicability of the method to more general difference equations and to those with arbitrarily many independent variables is made clear.

|Δ<i>I</i>| = 1/2 Rule and<i>K</i>→ 2π Decays

Yasuo Hara

Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 50 No. 6 (1973) pp. 1973-1980 Violation of the ǀΔIǀ=1/2 Rule in K→3π Decays Kiyoshi Kudo, Katsuhiko Ohya and Takamitsu Oka

Biology of the jerboa, <i>Jaculus jaculus butleri</i> (Rodentia, Dipodidae), in the Sudan

David Happold

A study of the jerboa, Jaculus jaculus butleri , was made in the desert near Khartoum, Sudan. The species, habitat and method of capture are described. Information is given on the population and reproduction, and a “pattern of generations” is suggested. Details are given on the behavioural attitudes and activities of the jerboa, moulting, vocal noises, ectoparasites and predators.

Biology of the Laboratory Mouse

W. E. Heston

Journal Article Biology of the Laboratory Mouse Get access W. E. HESTON W. E. HESTON National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 58, Issue 1, January 1967, Page 16, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107528 Published: 01 January 1967

Computational analysis of present-day American English

Henry Kučera, W. Nelson Francis, W. F. Twaddell, Mary Lois Marckworth, Laura M. Bell, John B. Carroll

Handbook of Mathematical Functions.

Juliette Florentin, Milton Abramowitz, Irene A. Stegun

Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models

N. David Mermin, Hermann‐Josef Wagner

It is rigorously proved that at any nonzero temperature, a one- or two-dimensional isotropic spin-$S$ Heisenberg model with finite-range exchange interaction can be neither ferromagnetic nor antiferromagnetic. The method of proof is capable of excluding a variety of types of ordering in one and two dimensions.

Effect of the Coulomb Interaction between d Electrons and of the d-s Pairing Interaction on Superconductivity in Dilute Alloys

Kenji Takanaka, F. Takano

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 69 (2000) pp. 1812-1823 Numerical Renormalization Group Studies on Single Impurity Anderson Model in Superconductivity: A Unified Treatment of Magnetic, Nonmagnetic Impurities, and Resonance Scattering Tomoki Yoshioka and Yoji Ohashi Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 36 No. 6 (1966) pp. 1299-1300 Effects of the d-Electron Correlation on the Transition Temperature of an Anisotropic Impure Superconductor with Resonance Scattering Tomitaro Nagashima and Toshio Soda Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 38 No. 2 (1967) pp. 291a-304 Thermodynamic and Electromagnetic Properties of Superconductors with Non-Magnetic Transition Element Impurities Kenji Takanaka and Tomitaro Nagashima Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 40 No. 6 (1968) pp. 1273-1286 Magnetic Properties of Superconductors with Resonance Scattering Kenji Takanaka and Fumihiko Takano Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 45 No. 2 (1971) pp. 651-652 Effect of Superconductivity on Localized Magnetic States Takashi Kusakabe Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 45 No. 5 (1971) pp. 1376-1381 Non-Magnetic Resonance Scattering in Two-Band Superconductors Takashi Kusakabe Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 47 No. 3 (1972) pp. 765-773 Effect of Spin Fluctuation in Superconductors Toyoyuki Kitamura Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 47 No. 6 (1972) pp. 1817-1823 Bound States Due to Resonance Scattering in Superconductor Kazushige Machida and Fumiaki Shibata Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 48 No. 4 (1972) pp. 1080-1089 Effect of Impurities on Superconductivity in Anderson Model Chuya Inoue and Fumihiko Takano Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 49 No. 4 (1973) pp. 1077-1095 Application of the Coherent Potential Approximation to Impurity Problems in Superconductor. I Fumihiko Takano, Kazushige Machida and Fumiaki Shibata Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 49 No. 4 (1973) pp. 1364-1365 Effect of Spin Fluctuation in Superconductors. II Toyoyuki Kitamura and Chuya Inoue Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 50 No. 1 (1973) pp. 50-73 A Hartree-Fock Theory of Transition-Metal Impurities in a Superconductor Hiroyuki Shiba Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 51 No. 6 (1974) pp. 1667-1677 Effect of Transition-Metal Impurities in Superconductors Kazushige Machida Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 55 No. 1 (1976) pp. 1-9 On Nuclear-Spin Lattice Relaxation Time in a Superconductor Containing Non-Magnetic Transition-Metal Impurities Kazushige Machida and Akira Nakanishi Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 57 No. 3 (1977) pp. 713-733 Theory of Kondo Effect in Superconductors. I Tamifusa Matsuura, Shin'ichi Ichinose and Yosuke Nagaoka

Handbook of Mathematical Functions

Donald A. McQuarrie

Artificial Intelligence through Simulated Evolution

Lawrence J. Fogel, Alvin J. Owens, Michael J. Walsh

Physics of Semiconductor Devices

J.R. ABRAHAMS, Geoffrey Pridham

The Making of the English Working Class.

Neil J. Smelser, E. P. Thompson

Fifty years since first publication, E. P. revolutionary account of working-class culture and ideals is published in Penguin Modern Classics, with a new introduction by historian Michael Kenny. This classic and imaginative account of working-class society in its formative years, 1780 to 1832, revolutionized our understanding of English social history. E. P. Thompson shows how the working class took part in its own making and re-creates the whole-life experience of people who suffered loss of status and freedom, who underwent degradation, and who yet created a cultured and political consciousness of great vitality. Reviews: A dazzling vindication of the lives and aspirations of the then - and now once again - neglected culture of working-class England. (Martin Kettle, Observer). Superbly readable ...a moving account of the culture of the self-taught in an age of social and intellectual deprivation. (Asa Briggs, Financial Times). Thompson's work combines passion and intellect, the gifts of the poet, the narrator and the analyst. (E. J. Hobsbawm, Independent). event not merely in the writing of English history but in the politics of our century. (Michael Foot, Times Literary Supplement). greatest of our socialist historians. (Terry Eagleton, New Statesman). About the author: E. P. Thompson was born in 1924 and read history at Corpus Christi, Cambridge, graduating in 1946. An academic, writer and acclaimed historian, his first major work was a biography of William Morris. The Making of the English Working Class was instantly recognized as a classic on its publication in 1963 and secured his position as one of the leading social historians of his time. Thompson was also an active campaigner and key figure in the ending of the Cold War. He died in 1993, survived by his wife and two sons.

The Scattering Matrix Method in the Linear Chain

Takeo Osawa, Takeyasu Kotera

Progress of Theoretical Physics Vol. 55 No. 1 (1976) pp. 10–20 Localized Spin Wave State in a One-Dimensional Heisenberg Ferromagnet with a Boundary and Impurity Spins Yoshihiro Tsuchida

The Biology of West African Polynemid Fishes

A. R. Longhurst

The biology of two commercially important polynemids has been studied over an eleven-month period on the trawling grounds off Lagos, Nigeria. One species, Pentanemus quinquarius (Bloch), has a normal bisexual reproductive cycle, but in the second species, Galeoides clecadactylus (L.), it was found that only about 25% of the females develop directly from a juvenile stage, the others developing female gonads by passage through a non-functional hermaphroditic stage arising in apparently normal males. Spawning occurs in all months in both species, the intensity being less cyclical in Pentanemus than in Galeoides, which peaks in the dry season and almost ceases spawning during the rainy season. Petersen growth rate studies show that Galeoides up to 3 years old are present in the catches, the values for von Bertalanffy parameters being K = 0·41 and L∞ = 54·5 cm; Pentanemus rarely survive their second year of life. Derivation of lengths at first maturity for Galeoides is complicated by the nature of the reproductive cycle and these range from 15 cm for males to 25·5 cm for secondary females; Pentanemus mature at less than six months old at about 15 cm. The implications of these biological data for the trawl fishery are considered and it is suggested that despite dependence on very few year-classes both species are responding relatively well to the present unregulated exploitation.

Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects

W. Kohn, L. J. Sham

From a theory of Hohenberg and Kohn, approximation methods for treating an inhomogeneous system of interacting electrons are developed. These methods are exact for systems of slowly varying or high density. For the ground state, they lead to self-consistent equations analogous to the Hartree and Hartree-Fock equations, respectively. In these equations the exchange and correlation portions of the chemical potential of a uniform electron gas appear as additional effective potentials. (The exchange portion of our effective potential differs from that due to Slater by a factor of $\frac{2}{3}$.) Electronic systems at finite temperatures and in magnetic fields are also treated by similar methods. An appendix deals with a further correction for systems with short-wavelength density oscillations.

Equations of Mathematical Physics

А. Н. Тихонов, A. A. Samarskiĭ, Peter B. Kahn

Mathematical physics plays an important role in the study of many physical processes - hydrodynamics, elasticity, and electrodynamics, to name just a few. Because of the enormous range and variety of problems dealt with by mathematical physics, this thorough advanced-undergraduate or graduate-level text considers only those problems leading to partial differential equations. The authors - two well-known Russian mathematicians - have focused on typical physical processes and the principal types of equations deailing with them. Special attention is paid throughout to mathematical formulation, ri

THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE BLACK‐FACED DIOCH <i>QUELEA QUELEA</i> IN NIGERIA

Peter D. Ward

SUMMARY A study of the breeding biology of Quelea quelea in Nigeria, and particularly at a large breeding colony near Lake Chad, showed that losses of eggs and young were extremely small. 95% of eggs laid hatched successfully, and 87% give rise to fledglings. Nestling deaths were density‐dependent and apparently due to starvation. The incubation period was 10 days or less. By day, eggs were heated to 34°‐ 37° C. by the sun; at night the females incubated. The nestlings were initially fed mainly on insects, their diet gradually changing to one of seeds—mostly of the grass Echinochloa pyramidalis . The deep body temperatures of young birds were determined. It is suggested that the nestlings left the nest after, on average, 11 1 / 2 days to escape intolerable temperature conditions in the nest. Fat reserves were accumulated by nestlings and fledglings, and were utilized when the young became independent. The adults put on fat during the incubation period and lost it during the time spent feeding nestlings. It is concluded that the most common clutch‐size of Q. quelea , which is everywhere three, corresponds to the largest number of young the parents can normally nourish. This conforms to Lack's theory on the significance of clutch‐size, and gives no support to Skutch's opinion that the theory does not apply to tropical birds.

Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables

J. W. W., Milton Abramowitz, Irene A. Stegun