TY  - JOUR
TI  - Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change.
AU  - James O. Prochaska
AU  - Carlo C. DiClemente
PY  - 1983
JO  - Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
DO  - 10.1037/0022-006x.51.3.390
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.51.3.390
AB  - An integrative model of change was applied to the study of 872 Ss (mean age 40 yrs) who were changing their smoking habits on their own. Ss represented the following 5 stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance, and relapse. 10 processes of change were expected to receive differential emphases during particular stages of change. Results indicate that Ss (a) used the fewest processes of change during precontemplation; (b) emphasized consciousness raising during the contemplation stage; (c) emphasized self-reevaluation in both contemplation and action stages; (d) emphasized self-liberation, a helping relationship, and reinforcement management during the action stage; and (e) used counterconditioning and stimulus control the most in both action and maintenance stages. Relapsers responded as a combination of contemplaters and people in action would. Results are discussed in terms of developing a model of self-change of smoking and enhancing a more integrative general model of change. (14 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). © 1983 American Psychological Association.
ER  -